Pelvic fractures are a common result of traumatic injuries in dogs and cats, accounting for approximately 25% of all fractures seen by veterinarians. In most cases, these fractures are caused by major accidents, such as automobile collisions. The pelvis is a box-like structure, which means that any trauma sufficient to cause a fracture will often result in multiple fractures. However, the good news is that the surrounding muscles provide inherent stability to most fractures, reducing the need for surgery.
Understanding Pelvic Fractures
Pelvic fractures can vary in severity and can be accompanied by other injuries. In fact, it is estimated that 50% of all patients with pelvic fractures also experience thoracic trauma, 39% show signs of urinary tract trauma, and 11% suffer from peripheral nerve damage. Therefore, when dealing with a dog with a broken pelvis, it is crucial to evaluate the entire animal and pay close attention to these high-risk areas.
Diagnosing Pelvic Fractures
During a physical examination, veterinarians can begin to diagnose pelvic fractures. However, hip-extended and lateral radiographs are necessary to determine the nature and extent of the injuries. Occasionally, oblique views may also be helpful in assessing the fractures.
Managing Pelvic Fractures
The management of pelvic fractures depends on the severity of the injury and the overall condition of the patient. In many cases, surgical repair is not necessary, and most animals (about 75%) can recover without it. Smaller dogs and cats tend to have a higher chance of successful recovery without surgery.
Surgical Repair for Pelvic Fractures
However, there are certain cases where surgical repair is recommended. These include displaced acetabular fractures (especially in the cranial 2/3 of the acetabulum), significant narrowing of the pelvic canal diameter by fracture fragments, neurologic impairment, unstable hip joint due to fractures of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, or contralateral orthopedic injuries that require early weight-bearing on the pelvic fracture side. Surgical repair of pelvic fractures often involves the use of bone screws, bone plates, or stabilizing devices.
Non-Surgical Management and Recovery
For minimally displaced fractures or cases where pain is well-managed, non-surgical management is often the best option. This involves restricting the animal’s movements to a confined area for at least the first two weeks, combined with massage and passive range of motion exercises for the hind limbs. Most patients will begin to stand within one week, and they can gradually increase their activity levels over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can a dog with a broken pelvis recover without surgery?
A: Yes, many dogs can recover without surgical intervention, especially smaller breeds.
Q: How long does it take for a dog with a broken pelvis to recover?
A: The recovery time can vary depending on the severity of the fracture and the individual dog. Stabilization and restricted movement may be required for several weeks before the dog can gradually increase their activity levels.
Q: Are there any potential complications associated with pelvic fractures?
A: Yes, pelvic fractures can be accompanied by other injuries, such as thoracic trauma, urinary tract trauma, and peripheral nerve damage.
Conclusion
Treating a dog with a broken pelvis requires careful evaluation and management. While surgical repair may be necessary in some cases, many dogs can recover with non-surgical management and supportive care. If you suspect that your dog has a pelvic fracture, it is essential to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Remember to provide a comfortable and restricted environment for your dog’s recovery and follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for pain management and rehabilitation.
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